Jordan and the Nagoya Protocol
Jordan signed the Nagoya Protocol the tenth of January 2012. The instrument for ratification was accepted twelve October 2014 when the Protocol came into force. The Section Nagoya Protocol gives more information on the implementation of the Protocol.
Major threat to plants ecosystems
| Release date | 26/07/2017 |
|---|---|
| Contributor | hmalkawi |
| Geographical coverage | Jordan |
| MAJOR THREATS TO PLANTS ECOSYSTEMS |
| The major threats to such reserves are overgrazing, woodcutting, plant collection and illegal hunting resulting from poor on-site legal enforcement. Scientific research and ecological data gathering is infrequent and inadequate due to poor funding and lack of human resources. Overall, these reserves were not established on the basis ofinternational standards, nor national priorities, and are not considered as integrated ecological units of national or regional importance, although they globally contribute to maintain important wildlife species.
The flora of Jordan is facing, like many areas of the Mediterranean region, a continues is facing continued deterioration because of one or more of the following factors: - Cultivation: replacing the natural vegetation cover with cultivated crops utilizing modern agriculture machinery. - Grazing: The carrying capacity of many of the vegetated areas is way below the actual number of grazing animals mainly goats and sheep many of the plant species that live in Jordan coevolved with grazing animals. In several areas, illegal grazing as well as overgrazing led to serious vegetation destruction, .Goat grazing which can lead to serious damage to plant growing points as well as high seedling mortality. - Cutting Tree: This is mainly in the forested areas of the Badia area are particularly stricken by tree harvesting for firewood and charcoal production. that resulted from usage of plants for fire-wood and tree cutting in the forested areas. It is estimated that we loose around 1000 trees are lost annually, most of, which are old trees, which have a very significant contribution to genetic diversity. - Urbanization: The spread of land use age for building houses, and opening highways and roads as well as encroachment of people on public and state owned land gradually led to a decrease of forested areas. Jordan is facing a population boom in which there leads to an increasing is demand for food and housing areas. Many cities, towns or villages have extended over their normal range and many agricultural zones are being shifted to become under city organized zones for further development residential zonest. -Off-road driving: Trampling of vegetation in transitional and fragile ecosystems by having most by off-road vehicles which is leading to the destruction of vegetation cover and soil erosion. - Collecting: several plant species are threatened by unregulated collection. These include medicinal and ornamental plants of the genus Tulipa, Narcissus, Lupinusand Cyclamen. This practice target several plant species that put them under the threatened or endangered list because of specific needs, many species like Tulipa and Narcissuss as well as Lupinus and Cyclamenare collected for various reasons. Many Medicinal plants are collected for medicinal usage. - Natural Disasters: Water stress, heavy rain, snow and flash flood rains are among the environmental factors that can lead to the destruction of plant species and tree death these occurring happen once during a certain period of time but can lead to serious changes in the plant communities. - Pests and pathogens: The effect of these biological factors is insignificant compared to other factors, as no epidemics were reported in Jordan for the past 50 years. - Pollution: This factor is one with of the least gathered scientifically documented. knowledge we had about, in certain areas, for example near the Cement factories or the refinery in the Al-Hashemiah area, where we have permanent source of pollution, monitoring vegetation monitoring is of high priority. like near the Cement factories or the Refinery in Al-Hashemia area. It is a high research priority that need to be done soon. Many of the areas outside the above mentioned areas do not suffer from any serious air pollution but other forms of pollution can be of existence and information needs to be gathered about them. The causes of natural deforestation are many, and some of those can be blamed mainly on human development, such as inappropriate land tenure systems and incentives, expansion of agriculture areas, increasing forest product demand and lack of information and understanding on the value of forests. |